Consideration of dose to the geniohyoid should be considered when planning radiation. Higher doses of radiation to the geniohyoid muscles are associated with increased severity of dysphagia as measured through both kinematics and PAS. A negative correlation was noted between PAS and DLVC (r = -0.375, p = 0.001). Similarly, DTCPO was significantly different based upon PAS (normal PAS mean = 0.22 s, abnormal PAS mean = 0.37 s, p = 0.016). The pharyngobasilar fascia is the dense connective tissue. Mean DLVC varied according to PAS group (normal PAS mean = 0.67 s, abnormal PAS mean = 0.13 s p < 0.001). Use blunt dissection to define the superior border of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Worse PA scores were most strongly correlated with radiation dose received by geniohyoid (r = 0.445, p < 0.0001). As minimum and mean dose to the geniohyoid increased, DTMHE, DTCPO, and PTT increased. <55 Gy) on late dysphagia and QoL was analyzed using the ttest. Influence of dose to the constrictors (55 Gy vs. PAS was extracted for each swallow and considered normal if ≤ 2. The pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior) were each contoured as an organ at risk. Timing measures included duration of laryngeal vestibule closure (DLVC), duration to maximum hyoid elevation (DTMHE), duration to cricopharyngeal opening (DTCPO), and pharyngeal transit time (PTT). Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies of 41 patients following radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer were analyzed for thin liquid boluses. We examined the relationship between (1) radiation dose and swallowing temporal kinematics, and (2) between PAS and swallowing kinematics in these patients. However, our prior investigations have demonstrated that radiation dose to the geniohyoid rather than the constrictor muscles was more closely related to penetration aspiration scores (PAS). larynx contributes to the development of dysphagia. The outer layer consists of the concentric constrictors that aid in the propulsion of the bolus through the pharynx, while the inner layer consists of three longitudinal muscles: palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus. We employed anatomically normalized pixel-based measures of pharyngeal area at maximum constriction, and the ratio of this measure to area at rest, and explored the association between these measures and post-swallow residue using the normalized residue ratio scale (NRRS. Patients with RT-induced dysphagia have decreased pharyngeal peristalsis and poor synchronization between pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The demarcation of the pharyngeal constrictors in CT scans does not discriminate between the outer and inner layers of the IPC. Radiation oncologists have focused on the pharyngeal constrictors as the primary muscles of concern for dysphagia. Pharyngeal constriction has been proposed as a parameter that may distinguish functional from impaired swallows.
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